Public, Private, And Protected Access Specifiers

 # no underscore(_) means it is public - anyone can access it

#
# with one underscore(_) means it is protected - only the one in the class and the ones who are accessing
# the class can access it
#
# with 2 underscore(_) means it is private - means can be used only by the class using a special code
# if we try to access it without that code python will error as no attribute found and the code is in the code.

# code to access private variable :
# print(emp._Employee__pr)
# Code for public is
class employee:
            def __init__(self, name, age):
                self.name = name
                self.age = age
#
# Code for protected is
class employee:
        def __init__(self, name, age):
            self._name = name  # protected attribute
            self._age = age  # protected attribute

#Code For private is
class employee:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.__name = name  # private attribute
        self.__age = age  # private attribute

# Name mangling in Python:
# Python does not have any strict rules when it comes to public, protected or private, like java.
# So, to protect us from using the private attribute in any other class,
# Python does name mangling, which means that every member with
# a double underscore will be changed to _object._class__variable when trying to call using an object.
# The purpose of this is to warn a user, so he does not use any private class variable
# or function by mistake without realizing it's states.

# Code :

# Public -
# Protected -
# Private -

class Employee:
    no_of_leaves = 8
    var = 8
    _protec = 9
    __pr = 98

    def __init__(self, aname, asalary, arole):
        self.name = aname
        self.salary = asalary
        self.role = arole

    def printdetails(self):
        return f"The Name is {self.name}. Salary is {self.salary} and role is {self.role}"

    @classmethod
    def change_leaves(cls, newleaves):
        cls.no_of_leaves = newleaves

    @classmethod
    def from_dash(cls, string):
        return cls(*string.split("-"))

    @staticmethod
    def printgood(string):
        print("This is good " + string)

emp = Employee("harry", 343, "Programmer")
print(emp._Employee__pr)